Contents
1. Overview
2. Screening and diagnosis
2.1 Surveillance and screening of high-risk population
2.2 Diagnosis of melanoma
2.2.1 Clinical symptoms
2.2.2 Imaging diagnosis
2.2.3 Laboratory tests
2.2.4 Focus biopsy
2.3 Pathological diagnosis of melanoma
2.3.1 Criteria for pathological diagnosis
2.3.2 Standard pathological diagnosis of melanoma
2.3.3 Pathological report of melanoma
2.4 Clinical diagnostic criteria and route map of melanoma
3. Staging
4. Treatment
4.1 Surgical treatment
4.1.1 Wide excision
4.1.2 Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB)
4.1.3 Lymph node dissection
4.1.4 Treatment of local recurrence or local metastasis
4.1.5 Postoperative adjuvant therapy (prevention and treatment for metastasis and recurrence)
4.2 Radiotherapy
4.2.1 Adjuvant radiotherapy
4.2.2 Plaque radiotherapy
4.3 Systemic therapy
4.3.1 Systemic therapy and response evaluation criteria
4.3.2 Symptomatic supportive therapy
4.3.3 Therapy of special lesions
Although melanoma is a rare malignant tumor in China, the mortality rate is high and the incidence rate is increasing year by year. There is a big difference between melanoma in China and Caucasians in Europe and America. The differences in pathogenesis, biological behavior, histological morphology, treatment methods and prognosis are quite different. Among Asians and other colored people, the primary melanoma of the extremities accounts for about 50%. The common primary sites are more common in the soles of the feet, toes, fingers, and lower extremities. They originate in the mucosa, for example, the melanoma of the rectum, anus, vulva, eye, or nasopharynx accounts for about 20%−30%; for whites, the primary melanoma of the skin accounts for about 90%, and the primary site is common in the back, the skin of the chest, abdomen and lower limbs; and melanoma originating from the mucosa>−5%.
