进入了GLP-1RA给药途径的新时代
作为首个获批上市的GLP-1RA口服剂,索马鲁肽口服剂极大地改善了目前获批上市的GLP-1RA皮下注射剂给药依从性差等缺点,可谓是开启了GLP-1RA给药途径的新时代。
GLP-1RA口服剂为多肽类药物,在口服递送中往往存在着可能被胃液的低pH值环境破坏、消化道内的酶降解、被粘性黏液层以及小肠上皮细胞紧密连接的机械屏障阻碍等吸收问题[4]。故实现GLP-1 RA的口服递送主要需要解决以下两个问题:
(1)保护多肽免受降解;
(2)增强吸收且不改变生物活性。目前,人们已探索并采用了吸收促进剂、细胞穿透肽、黏膜粘附剂等附加剂或采用新型药物递送系统等方式用于提高GLP-1 RA口服生物利用度。索马鲁肽口服剂即采用向口服剂中添加吸收促进剂的方法来提高生物利用度[5]。
具体方法为:索马鲁肽与N-[8-(2-羟基苯甲酰基)-氨基]辛酸钠(SNAC)共同混合,产生弱的非共价药物——载体复合体,该复合体阻止了胃液对索马鲁肽的破坏,并促进药物通过胃膜跨细胞吸收,使索马鲁肽能够完好无损地到达体循环[6],以达到给药目的。
然而,吸收促进剂长期使用存在可能损伤生物膜并导致局部炎症的不良反应,而且现有的吸收促进剂作用缺乏特异性,促进药物吸收的同时可能也会促进包括毒素和病原体在内的所有肠道内容物的渗透,使得毒素和病原体可以轻易地进入人体血液循环,可能会导致继发感染[7]。采用添加吸收促进剂的方法制备口服索马鲁肽虽说是GLP-1RA口服制剂的一大突破,但由于吸收促进剂潜在的不良反应及其在分子结构上可做的改变实为有限,还需要寻找更佳途径来完善索马鲁肽制剂的口服制剂。
索马鲁肽口服制剂的3期临床疗效评估
注:PIONEER9无在体重方面的数据统计,故未作分析
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傅润宸 山东第一医科大学药学院在读本科生,药学专业,健康与医学科普理论研究课题组成员,课题研究主要方向为药学科普与精准传播。曾参加过《中国医学伦理学》杂志和健康报社将联合举办的“万众一心战疫情,人文关怀在践行” 颁奖暨学术论坛中“弘扬伟大的抗疫精神 做新时代合格接班人倡议书”联合署名活动。
刘思彤 北京大学药学院硕士研究生,中国医药卫生协会全民健康素养促进分会青委会委员,研究方向是临床药学、合理用药、药学科普等。致力于提升公众用药素养的工作与研究,新冠肺炎疫情期间积极参与相关调研,发表疫情相关论文2篇。E-mail:lst19970119@163.com
吴一波 北京大学药学院硕士研究生,陕西省健康文化研究中心(陕西省哲学社会科学重点研究基地)研究员(破格),中国科学技术协会科学辟谣平台专家,中国科普作家协会医学专委会青年学组组长、科普教育专委会学术秘书,中国医药卫生文化协会全民健康素养促进分会青委会常务副主任委员,中国医师协会健康传播工作委常委、中国科技新闻学会健康传播专业委员会委员,Life Res等近十个学术期刊(青年)编委,Health Comm等学术期刊审稿专家,主持或参与等30余项国家级/省部级课题(含一项国家社科基金重大项目18ZDA088),以第一或通讯作者发表中英文学术论文30余篇,起草/执笔专家共识2部。